Post by jeffolie on Feb 20, 2013 8:42:56 GMT -6
Telomere Length Predicts Susceptibility To Common Cold
" ... "Our work suggests the possibility that telomere length is a relatively consistent marker across the life span and that it can start predicting disease susceptibility in young adulthood,"
' ... During cell division, enzymes that duplicate DNA cannot continue their duplication all the way to the end of chromosomes. If cells divided without telomeres, they would lose the ends of their chromosomes, and the necessary information they contain. The telomeres are disposable buffers blocking the ends of the chromosomes, are consumed during cell division, and are replenished by an enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase.
------------------------------------------------------
Telomere Length Predicts Susceptibility To Common Cold
February 19th 2013
A biological marker in the immune system predicts our ability to fight off the common cold, starting at about age 22, according to a recent paper in JAMA.
The study found that the length of telomeres, the protective cap-like protein complexes at the ends of chromosomes, predicts resistance to upper respiratory infections in young and midlife adults.
Telomeres shorten as you get older and as a cell's telomeres shorten, it loses its ability to function normally and eventually dies. Having shorter telomeres is associated with early onset of aging related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, and with mortality in older adults.
Unknown until now is whether telomere length plays a role in the health of young to midlife adults. So the group measured the telomere length of white blood cells from 152 healthy volunteers aged 18-55. These individuals were then exposed to a rhinovirus, which causes a common cold, and quarantined for five days to see if they actually developed an infection.
The results showed that participants with shorter telomeres were more likely to become infected by the cold virus. Further, although there was no relationship between telomere length and infection among the youngest participants (ages 18-21), beginning at about age 22, telomere length started to predict whether individuals would develop an infection. Shorter CD8CD28− T-cell telomere length was associated with increased risk for experimentally induced acute upper respiratory infection and clinical illness.
As participant age increased, telomere length became an even stronger predictor. Additionally, telomere length of a specific type of white blood cell — a CD8CD28- T-cytolytic cell — was a superior predictor of infection and cold symptoms than other white blood cell types. The telomeres found in CD8CD28- cells shorten more quickly than those found in other cell types, and previous research has found shorter telomere length in these cells to be associated with decreases in markers of immune competence.
"Our work suggests the possibility that telomere length is a relatively consistent marker across the life span and that it can start predicting disease susceptibility in young adulthood," said Cohen, Professor of Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. "We knew that people in their late 50s and older with shorter telomeres are at a greater risk for illness and mortality. We also knew that factors other than aging, such as chronic stress and poor health behaviors, are associated with shorter telomeres in older people. Consequently, we expected that younger people would vary in their telomere length as well and wanted to see what this would mean for their health.
"These cells are important in eliminating infected cells and those with shorter telomeres in the CD8CD28- cell population may be at greater risk for infection because they have fewer functional cells available to respond to the [cold] virus. The superior ability of CD8CD28- T-cytolytic cells to predict infection gives us an idea of which cells to focus on in future work on how telomere length influences the immune system's response to infection and other immune-related challenges."
Cohen added, "The increased importance of telomere length with age is likely because the younger participants had fewer very short telomeres, or that their young immune systems were able to compensate for the loss of effective cells."
Cohen emphasized that "this is preliminary research and further work with other viruses and with natural infections will help clarify its implications."
Citation: Sheldon Cohen, PhD, Denise Janicki-Deverts, PhD, Ronald B. Turner, MD, Margaretha L. Casselbrant, PhD, MD, Ha-Sheng Li-Korotky, PhD, MD, Elissa S. Epel, PhD, William J. Doyle, PhD, 'Association Between Telomere Length and Experimentally Induced Upper Respiratory Viral Infection in Healthy Adults', JAMA. 2013;309(7):699-705. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.613
www.science20.com/news_articles/telomere_length_predicts_susceptibility_common_cold-104158
======================
Length of Chromosome Cap Can Affect the Human Health
As per a study published in the Journal of American Medical Association, it suggests that the telomeres (the cap on chromosomes) affects the human health at all stages of life. Scientists in this study found that the people with longer telomeres caps are more immune to fight the virus as compared to those who have shortest telomeres cap as they are less likely to fight the viruses and more likely to develop upper respiratory infection.
The study which was lead by Sheldon Cohen, Ph. D., of Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, said that telomeres function as protective caps to stop the erosion of genomic DNA, becomes shorter with each cell division leading to development upper respiratory infection.
In the study, Cohen examined 152 healthy people between the age of 18 and 55, to know that whether short telomeres are associated with the reduction in resistance of respiratory infection. They evaluated the telomeres length between 2008 and 2011 by allotting every person with a personal room and gave them infected nasal drops. And then they were observed of changes for next five days.
The scientists resultantly said that shorter length of telomeres gets associated with aging-related illness and death from conditions with immune system involvement, including infectious diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, but it is still unknown that whether the length of leukocyte telomeres is associated with healthy young people.
topnews.ae/content/214773-length-chromosome-cap-can-affect-human-health
==============================
A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromatid, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos (ôÝëïò) 'end' and merïs (ìÝñïò, root: ìåñ-) 'part.' Telomere regions deter the degradation of genes near the ends of chromosomes by allowing chromosome ends to shorten, which necessarily occurs during chromosome replication.[1].. Without telomeres, the genomes would progressively lose information and be truncated after cell division because the synthesis of Ozaki strands requires RNA primers attaching ahead on the lagging strand. Over time, due to each cell division, the telomere ends become shorter.[2]
During cell division, enzymes that duplicate DNA cannot continue their duplication all the way to the end of chromosomes. If cells divided without telomeres, they would lose the ends of their chromosomes, and the necessary information they contain. The telomeres are disposable buffers blocking the ends of the chromosomes, are consumed during cell division, and are replenished by an enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere
" ... "Our work suggests the possibility that telomere length is a relatively consistent marker across the life span and that it can start predicting disease susceptibility in young adulthood,"
' ... During cell division, enzymes that duplicate DNA cannot continue their duplication all the way to the end of chromosomes. If cells divided without telomeres, they would lose the ends of their chromosomes, and the necessary information they contain. The telomeres are disposable buffers blocking the ends of the chromosomes, are consumed during cell division, and are replenished by an enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase.
------------------------------------------------------
Telomere Length Predicts Susceptibility To Common Cold
February 19th 2013
A biological marker in the immune system predicts our ability to fight off the common cold, starting at about age 22, according to a recent paper in JAMA.
The study found that the length of telomeres, the protective cap-like protein complexes at the ends of chromosomes, predicts resistance to upper respiratory infections in young and midlife adults.
Telomeres shorten as you get older and as a cell's telomeres shorten, it loses its ability to function normally and eventually dies. Having shorter telomeres is associated with early onset of aging related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, and with mortality in older adults.
Unknown until now is whether telomere length plays a role in the health of young to midlife adults. So the group measured the telomere length of white blood cells from 152 healthy volunteers aged 18-55. These individuals were then exposed to a rhinovirus, which causes a common cold, and quarantined for five days to see if they actually developed an infection.
The results showed that participants with shorter telomeres were more likely to become infected by the cold virus. Further, although there was no relationship between telomere length and infection among the youngest participants (ages 18-21), beginning at about age 22, telomere length started to predict whether individuals would develop an infection. Shorter CD8CD28− T-cell telomere length was associated with increased risk for experimentally induced acute upper respiratory infection and clinical illness.
As participant age increased, telomere length became an even stronger predictor. Additionally, telomere length of a specific type of white blood cell — a CD8CD28- T-cytolytic cell — was a superior predictor of infection and cold symptoms than other white blood cell types. The telomeres found in CD8CD28- cells shorten more quickly than those found in other cell types, and previous research has found shorter telomere length in these cells to be associated with decreases in markers of immune competence.
"Our work suggests the possibility that telomere length is a relatively consistent marker across the life span and that it can start predicting disease susceptibility in young adulthood," said Cohen, Professor of Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. "We knew that people in their late 50s and older with shorter telomeres are at a greater risk for illness and mortality. We also knew that factors other than aging, such as chronic stress and poor health behaviors, are associated with shorter telomeres in older people. Consequently, we expected that younger people would vary in their telomere length as well and wanted to see what this would mean for their health.
"These cells are important in eliminating infected cells and those with shorter telomeres in the CD8CD28- cell population may be at greater risk for infection because they have fewer functional cells available to respond to the [cold] virus. The superior ability of CD8CD28- T-cytolytic cells to predict infection gives us an idea of which cells to focus on in future work on how telomere length influences the immune system's response to infection and other immune-related challenges."
Cohen added, "The increased importance of telomere length with age is likely because the younger participants had fewer very short telomeres, or that their young immune systems were able to compensate for the loss of effective cells."
Cohen emphasized that "this is preliminary research and further work with other viruses and with natural infections will help clarify its implications."
Citation: Sheldon Cohen, PhD, Denise Janicki-Deverts, PhD, Ronald B. Turner, MD, Margaretha L. Casselbrant, PhD, MD, Ha-Sheng Li-Korotky, PhD, MD, Elissa S. Epel, PhD, William J. Doyle, PhD, 'Association Between Telomere Length and Experimentally Induced Upper Respiratory Viral Infection in Healthy Adults', JAMA. 2013;309(7):699-705. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.613
www.science20.com/news_articles/telomere_length_predicts_susceptibility_common_cold-104158
======================
Length of Chromosome Cap Can Affect the Human Health
As per a study published in the Journal of American Medical Association, it suggests that the telomeres (the cap on chromosomes) affects the human health at all stages of life. Scientists in this study found that the people with longer telomeres caps are more immune to fight the virus as compared to those who have shortest telomeres cap as they are less likely to fight the viruses and more likely to develop upper respiratory infection.
The study which was lead by Sheldon Cohen, Ph. D., of Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, said that telomeres function as protective caps to stop the erosion of genomic DNA, becomes shorter with each cell division leading to development upper respiratory infection.
In the study, Cohen examined 152 healthy people between the age of 18 and 55, to know that whether short telomeres are associated with the reduction in resistance of respiratory infection. They evaluated the telomeres length between 2008 and 2011 by allotting every person with a personal room and gave them infected nasal drops. And then they were observed of changes for next five days.
The scientists resultantly said that shorter length of telomeres gets associated with aging-related illness and death from conditions with immune system involvement, including infectious diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, but it is still unknown that whether the length of leukocyte telomeres is associated with healthy young people.
topnews.ae/content/214773-length-chromosome-cap-can-affect-human-health
==============================
A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromatid, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos (ôÝëïò) 'end' and merïs (ìÝñïò, root: ìåñ-) 'part.' Telomere regions deter the degradation of genes near the ends of chromosomes by allowing chromosome ends to shorten, which necessarily occurs during chromosome replication.[1].. Without telomeres, the genomes would progressively lose information and be truncated after cell division because the synthesis of Ozaki strands requires RNA primers attaching ahead on the lagging strand. Over time, due to each cell division, the telomere ends become shorter.[2]
During cell division, enzymes that duplicate DNA cannot continue their duplication all the way to the end of chromosomes. If cells divided without telomeres, they would lose the ends of their chromosomes, and the necessary information they contain. The telomeres are disposable buffers blocking the ends of the chromosomes, are consumed during cell division, and are replenished by an enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere